Virtual Fly Brain
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  • Latest (Release: v4 2025.07.30)
  • Latest (Release: v4 2025.07.30)
    • News
      • FlyBase Funding
      • Updated NBLAST scores
      • NeuroFly 2024
      • Neuron display in VFBconnect
      • Neurotransmitter Predictions
      • FlyBase Split-GAL4 reports
      • Transcriptomics data
      • Larval split-GAL4 raw images
      • Safari Issue Fix
      • Google Issue
    • Releases
      • Content Report
      • VFB Geppetto Releases
      • Catmaid
      • FlyLight
      • Geppetto
      • Datasets
        • Adult Brain fru clones (Cachero2010)
        • Adult VNC neuropils (Court2020)
        • Adult VNS neuropils (Court2017)
        • AMMC local and projection neurons (Matsuo2016)
        • Biomechanical origins of proprioceptive maps in the Drosophila leg
        • BrainName neuropils and tracts - Ito half-brain
        • BrainName neuropils on adult brain JFRC2 (Jenett, Shinomya)
        • BrainTrap lines (Knowles-Barley2010)
        • central brain neurons by lineage, Lee2020
        • central brain neurons by lineage, Lee2020
        • Comparative Connectomics Reveals How Partner Identity, Location, and Activity Specify Synaptic Connectivity in Drosophila (Valdes-Aleman et al. 2021)
        • Dickson lab VT line collection - VDRC images
        • Dickson lab VT lines - FlyLight/Janelia images (2017)
        • EM FAFB Baltruschat et al 2021
        • EM FAFB Bates and Schlegel et al 2020
        • EM FAFB Coates et al 2020
        • EM FAFB Dolan and Belliart-Guerin et al. 2018
        • EM FAFB Dolan et al. 2019
        • EM FAFB Engert et al. 2022
        • EM FAFB Felsenberg et al. 2018
        • EM FAFB Gorko et al 2024
        • EM FAFB Hampel and Eichler et al 2020
        • EM FAFB Kim et al 2020
        • EM FAFB Kind et al. 2021
        • EM FAFB Marin et al 2020
        • EM FAFB Morimoto et al 2020
        • EM FAFB Otto et al 2020
        • EM FAFB Sayin et al 2019
        • EM FAFB Shiu et al. 2022
        • EM FAFB Taisz and Galili et al., 2022
        • EM FAFB Turner-Evans et al 2020
        • EM FAFB Wang et al 2020a
        • EM FAFB Wang et al 2020b
        • EM FAFB Wang et al 2020c
        • EM FAFB Zhao et al., 2023
        • EM FAFB Zheng et al 2018
        • EM FAFB Zheng et al 2020
        • EM FANC Maniates-Selvin et al 2020
        • EM L1 Andrade et al. 2019
        • EM L1 Barnes et al., 2022
        • EM L1 Carreira-Rosario, Arzan Zarin, Clark et al. 2018
        • EM L1 Eschbach et al 2020
        • EM L1 Eschbach et al 2020b
        • EM L1 Imambocus et al., 2022
        • EM L1 Jovanic et al. 2019
        • EM L1 Mark et al. 2019
        • EM L1 Miroschnikow et al. 2018
        • EM L1 Tastekin et al 2018
        • EM L1 Winding, Pedigo et al., 2023
        • EM L1 Zarin, Mark et al. 2019
      • Ontologies
        • VFB Image Ontology
          • _broad D1 (L1EM:7941652)
          • _broad D1 (L1EM:8198416)
          • _IPC 2 (L1EM:10459723)
          • _IPC 2 (L1EM:2852273)
          • _SOG IN (L1EM:14962387)
          • _SOG IN (L1EM:19431430)
          • _telegoro-1 (L1EM:3764792)
          • _telegoro-1 (L1EM:5754346)
          • _Two-headed cobra (L1EM:19046339)
          • _Two-headed cobra (L1EM:2988292)
          • _WS (L1EM:2935173)
          • _WS (L1EM:3946432)
          • (ADL05)_R
          • (ADL08)_L
          • (ADL08)_L
          • (ADL08)_L
          • (ADL08)_L
          • (ADL08)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
          • (ADM01)_L
        • Drosophila Anatomy Ontology
          • 1-1I
          • 1-1I of abdomen
          • 1-1I of thorax
          • 1-1M
          • 1-1Ms
          • 1-2I
          • 1-2Ica
          • 1-2Icp
          • 1-2Ii
          • 1st axillary sclerite
          • 1st posterior cell
          • 2-1I
          • 2-1Ic
          • 2-1Ii
          • 2-2I
          • 2-2I of abdomen
          • 2-2I of thorax
          • 2-2M
          • 2-2M of abdomen
          • 2-2M of thorax
          • 2-4I
          • 2-4I of abdomen
          • 2-4I of thorax
          • 2-5I
          • 2-5Ic
          • 2-5Ic1
          • 2-5Ii
          • 2-5M
          • 2nd axillary sclerite
          • 2nd posterior cell
          • 3-1I
          • 3-1I of abdomen
          • 3-1I of thorax
          • 3-1M
          • 3-2I
          • 3-2M
          • 3-2Mar
          • 3-2Ms
          • 3-3I
          • 3-3Ic
          • 3-3Ii
          • 3-5I
          • 3-5Ic
          • 3-5Ii
          • 3rd axillary sclerite
          • 3rd posterior cell
          • 4-1I
          • 4-1Ica
          • 4-1Icp
          • 4-1Ii
        • FlyBase
          • 1-ACYLGLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE O-ACYLTRANSFERASES
          • 128up
          • 14-3-3 PROTEINS
          • 14-3-3ε
          • 14-3-3ζ
          • 140up
          • 18SrRNA-Ψ:CR41602
          • 18SrRNA-Ψ:CR45861
          • 18SrRNA:CR41548
          • 18SrRNA:CR45838
          • 18SrRNA:CR45841
          • 18w
          • 2-OXOGLUTARATE-DEPENDENT DIOXYGENASES
          • 26-29-p
          • 26S PROTEASOME
          • 26S PROTEASOME - TESTIS-SPECIFIC VARIANT
          • 28SrRNA-Ψ:CR40596
          • 28SrRNA-Ψ:CR40741
          • 28SrRNA-Ψ:CR41609
          • 28SrRNA-Ψ:CR45848
          • 28SrRNA-Ψ:CR45851
          • 28SrRNA-Ψ:CR45853
          • 28SrRNA-Ψ:CR45855
          • 28SrRNA-Ψ:CR45859
          • 28SrRNA-Ψ:CR45860
          • 28SrRNA-Ψ:CR45862
          • 28SrRNA:CR45837
          • 28SrRNA:CR45844
          • 2mit
          • 2SrRNA-Ψ:CR40677
          • 2SrRNA-Ψ:CR45850
          • 2SrRNA-Ψ:CR45858
          • 2SrRNA:CR45836
          • 2SrRNA:CR45840
          • 2SrRNA:CR45843
          • 2SrRNA:CR45864
          • 3-HYDROXYACYL-COA DEHYDROGENASES
          • 3'-5'-EXODEOXYRIBONUCLEASES
          • 3'-5'-EXORIBONUCLEASES
          • 3'-TRNA PROCESSING ENDORIBONUCLEASES
          • 4E-T
          • 5-HT1A
          • 5-HT1B
          • 5-HT2A
          • 5-HT2B
          • 5-HT7
          • 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE (SEROTONIN) GPCRs
          • 5.8SrRNA-Ψ:CR45849
          • 5.8SrRNA-Ψ:CR45854
          • 5.8SrRNA-Ψ:CR45857
        • FlyBase Developmental Ontology
          • adult age in days
          • adult stage
          • adult stage A1
          • adult stage A2
          • adult stage A3
          • age
          • biological process
          • blastoderm stage
          • cleavage stage
          • day 0 of adulthood
          • day 1 of adulthood
          • day 10 of adulthood
          • day 11 of adulthood
          • day 12 of adulthood
          • day 13 of adulthood
          • day 14 of adulthood
          • day 15 of adulthood
          • day 16 of adulthood
          • day 17 of adulthood
          • day 18 of adulthood
          • day 19 of adulthood
          • day 2 of adulthood
          • day 20 of adulthood
          • day 21 of adulthood
          • day 22 of adulthood
          • day 23 of adulthood
          • day 24 of adulthood
          • day 25 of adulthood
          • day 26 of adulthood
          • day 27 of adulthood
          • day 28 of adulthood
          • day 29 of adulthood
          • day 3 of adulthood
          • day 30 of adulthood
          • day 31 of adulthood
          • day 32 of adulthood
          • day 33 of adulthood
          • day 34 of adulthood
          • day 35 of adulthood
          • day 36 of adulthood
          • day 37 of adulthood
          • day 38 of adulthood
          • day 39 of adulthood
          • day 4 of adulthood
          • day 40 of adulthood
          • day 41 of adulthood
          • day 42 of adulthood
          • day 43 of adulthood
          • day 44 of adulthood
          • day 45 of adulthood
        • FlyBase Controlled Vocabulary
          • 10x sequencing
          • abnormal adult locomotory behavior
          • abnormal adult walking behavior
          • abnormal aging
          • abnormal anesthesia-resistant memory
          • abnormal auditory perception
          • abnormal axis specification
          • abnormal behavior
          • abnormal body color
          • abnormal body size
          • abnormal body weight
          • abnormal cell adhesion
          • abnormal cell cycle
          • abnormal cell death
          • abnormal cell growth
          • abnormal cell migration
          • abnormal cell number
          • abnormal cell polarity
          • abnormal cell shape
          • abnormal cell size
          • abnormal chemosensitive behavior
          • abnormal circadian behavior
          • abnormal circadian rhythm
          • abnormal cold stress response
          • abnormal copulation
          • abnormal courtship behavior
          • abnormal cytokinesis
          • abnormal developmental rate
          • abnormal diapause
          • abnormal DNA repair
          • abnormal dorsal/ventral axis specification
          • abnormal eclosion
          • abnormal eclosion rhythm
          • abnormal endomitotic cell cycle
          • abnormal eye color
          • abnormal feeding behavior
          • abnormal flight
          • abnormal gravitaxis
          • abnormal grooming behavior
          • abnormal hatching behavior
          • abnormal heat stress response
          • abnormal immune response
          • abnormal jump response
          • abnormal jumping
          • abnormal larval locomotory behavior
          • abnormal learning
          • abnormal locomotor behavior
          • abnormal locomotor rhythm
          • abnormal long-term memory
          • abnormal mating
        • Gene Ontology
          • ((1,6)-alpha-glucosyl)poly((1,4)-alpha-glucosyl)glycogenin => poly{(1,4)-alpha-glucosyl} glycogenin + alpha-D-glucose
          • (1->3)-beta-D-glucan binding
          • (1->3)-beta-D-glucan immune receptor activity
          • (2'-deoxy)adenosine + ATP => (d)AMP + ADP (ADK)
          • (3R)-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
          • (d)ADP + ADP <=> (d)AMP + ATP (AK1)
          • (d)CDP or UDP + ADP <=> (d)CMP or UMP + ATP (CMPK1)
          • (d)GMP + ATP <=> (d)GDP + ADP (GUK1)
          • (d)NTP + ADP <=> (d)NDP + ATP (NME1,2,3)
          • (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido) succinate lyase (fumarate-forming) activity
          • (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity
          • [acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase activity
          • [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1 activity
          • [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase activity
          • [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase activity
          • 1-acyl LPE is acylated to PE by LPEAT
          • 1-acyl LPE is hydrolyzed to GPETA by PLA2G4C
          • 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity
          • 1-palmitoylglycerone phosphate + hexadecanol => O-hexadecylglycerone phosphate + palmitate
          • 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activator activity
          • 1-phosphatidylinositol binding
          • 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase regulator activity
          • 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-kinase activity
          • 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase activity
          • 1-PP-IP5 is phosphorylated to 1,5-(PP)2-IP4 by IP6K1/3 in the cytosol
          • 1,2-diacyl-glycerol + acyl-CoA => triacylglycerol + CoASH [DGAT2]
          • 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme activity
          • 1,4-alpha-oligoglucan phosphorylase activity
          • 1/3 PP-IP5 is dephosphorylated to IP6 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol
          • 14-3-3 protein binding
          • 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
          • 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
          • 17-beta-ketosteroid reductase activity
          • 2 H2O2 => O2 + 2 H2O
          • 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding
          • 2-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)histidine synthase activity
          • 2-hydroxy-3-methylhexadecanoyl-CoA lyase activity
          • 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase activity
          • 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity
          • 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity, forward reaction
          • 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA => pristanal + formyl-CoA
          • 2-iminobutanoate deaminase activity
          • 2-iminobutanoate/2-iminopropanoate deaminase
          • 2-LTR formation due to circularization of viral DNA
          • 2-MAG and DAG are transacylated to TAG by PNPLA2/3
          • 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+ => (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + NADP+ [mutant IDH1]
          • 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity
          • 2-Phospho-D-glycerate <=> 3-Phospho-D-glycerate
          • 2-Phospho-D-glycerate <=> Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O
          • 2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
        • Sequence types and features ontology
          • <new term>
          • 2KB_downstream_variant
          • 2KB_upstream_variant
          • 3_prime_UTR_elongation
          • 3_prime_UTR_exon_variant
          • 3_prime_UTR_intron_variant
          • 3_prime_UTR_truncation
          • 3_prime_UTR_variant
          • 3D_polypeptide_structure_variant
          • 4_methylcytosine
          • 5_carboxylcytosine
          • 5_formylcytosine
          • 5_hydroxymethylcytosine
          • 5_methylcytosine
          • 5_prime_UTR_elongation
          • 5_prime_UTR_exon_variant
          • 5_prime_UTR_intron_variant
          • 5_prime_UTR_premature_start_codon_gain_variant
          • 5_prime_UTR_premature_start_codon_loss_variant
          • 5_prime_UTR_premature_start_codon_variant
          • 5_prime_UTR_truncation
          • 5_prime_UTR_variant
          • 500B_downstream_variant
          • 5KB_downstream_variant
          • 5KB_upstream_variant
          • 8_oxoadenine
          • 8_oxoguanine
          • A_box_type_1
          • A_box_type_2
          • A_minor_RNA_motif
          • A_to_C_transversion
          • A_to_G_transition
          • A_to_T_transversion
          • AACCCT_box
          • aberrant_processed_transcript
          • accessible_DNA_region
          • Ace2_UAS
          • active_peptide
          • adaptive_island
          • alanine
          • alanine_tRNA_primary_transcript
          • alanyl_tRNA
          • allele
          • allelic_frequency
          • allelically_excluded
          • allelically_excluded_gene
          • allopolyploid
          • alpha_beta_motif
          • alteration_attribute
          • alternate_sequence_site
        • GENO ontology
          • allele
          • allele origin
          • allele set
          • allelic cellular distribution
          • allelic genotype
          • allelic phase
          • allelic state
          • allosomal inheritance
          • amino acid residue
          • amino acid sequence
          • ancestral polymorphic allele
          • aneusomic
          • aneusomic chromosomal part
          • aneusomic chromosome
          • aneusomic zygosity
          • autosomal dominant inheritance
          • autosomal inheritance
          • autosomal recessive inheritance
          • background genome
          • biological process
          • biological sequence
          • biological sequence or set
          • biological sequence set
          • biological sequence unit
          • biparental allele origin
          • chromosomal band intensity
          • chromosomal deletion inheritance
          • chromosomal duplication inheritance
          • chromosomal inheritance
          • chromosomal rearrangement inheritance
          • chromosomal region
          • chromosome sub-band
          • clonal
          • co-dominant autosomal inheritance
          • co-dominant X-linked inheritance
          • co-dominant Z-linked inheritance
          • complete autosomal dominant inheritance
          • complete X-linked dominant inheritance
          • complete Z-linked dominant inheritance
          • compound heterozygous
          • constitutional
          • copy number complement
          • danio rerio gene
          • danio rerio strain
          • de novo allele origin
          • digenic inheritance
          • diplotype
          • disomic zygosity
          • DNA residue
          • DNA sequence
        • Information Artifact Ontology
          • analysis subset ontology module
          • base ontology module
          • bridge ontology module
          • curation status specification
          • curation subset ontology module
          • data about an ontology part
          • data item
          • denotator type
          • editors ontology module
          • EL++ ontology module
          • exclusion subset ontology module
          • external import ontology module
          • generated ontology module
          • IAO_0000005
          • IAO_0000104
          • import ontology module
          • information content entity
          • main release ontology module
          • measurement unit label
          • obo basic subset ontology module
          • obsolescence reason specification
          • ontology module
          • ontology module subsetted by expressivity
          • ontology module subsetted by OWL profile
          • reasoned ontology module
          • single layer subset ontology module
          • species subset ontology module
          • subset ontology module
          • taxonomic bridge ontology module
          • template generated ontology module
        • Phenotype And Trait Ontology
          • 2-D shape
          • 3-D shape
          • abnormal
          • absent
          • acidophilic
          • acinar
          • altered number of
          • amount
          • anatomical histological quality
          • anatomical structure quality
          • anucleate
          • aplastic/hypoplastic
          • atrophied
          • auxotrophic
          • basophilic
          • biconcave
          • bilateral
          • binucleate
          • biological sex
          • branched
          • branchiness
          • cellular potency
          • cellular quality
          • cellularity
          • ciliatedness
          • circular
          • closed
          • closure
          • collagenous
          • color
          • composition
          • concave
          • concavity
          • condensed
          • continuous
          • contractile
          • contractility
          • convex 3-D shape
          • curvature
          • curved
          • cylindrical
          • decreased amount
          • decreased efficacy
          • decreased fecundity
          • decreased female fertility
          • decreased fertility
          • decreased male fertility
          • decreased mass
          • decreased object quality
          • decreased occurrence
        • Basic Formal Ontology
          • BFO_0000009
          • continuant
          • disposition
          • entity
          • fiat object part
          • function
          • generically dependent continuant
          • immaterial entity
          • independent continuant
          • material entity
          • object
          • object aggregate
          • occurrent
          • process
          • quality
          • realizable entity
          • role
          • site
          • spatial region
          • specifically dependent continuant
        • Common Anatomy Reference Ontology
          • acellular anatomical structure
          • anatomical boundary
          • anatomical entity
          • anatomical space
          • biological entity
          • cell
          • cell part
          • cell space
          • cellular anatomical structure
          • cellular organism
          • connected anatomical structure
          • connected anatomical system
          • disconnected anatomical group
          • expression pattern
          • extraembryonic structure
          • gross anatomical part
          • immaterial anatomical entity
          • material anatomical entity
          • multi-cell-part structure
          • multicellular anatomical structure
          • multicellular organism
          • neuron projection bundle
          • organism or virus or viroid
          • organism subdivision
          • organism substance
        • Ontology for Biomedical Investigations